مسار بولونيا
AR
Research Hussein Aadi Ubaid Eadan
Kaempferol from Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of its Anti-Diabetic Effect
2025 The Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products Original Article
Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and the promising effects of Kaempferol, this review assesses its molecular, cellular, and metabolic effects relevant to diabetes. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar was conducted for articles published between 2010 and 2023 using relevant keywords. Kaempferol modulates glucose metabolism, enhances hepatic enzyme activity, and improves lipid profiles through multiple mechanisms. Specifically, it protects pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting apoptosis, promoting proliferation, and increasing their number, which is valuable in preventing and treating type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Studies show that kaempferol reduces serum HbA1c levels (by an average of 20% if used for more than six months ( and fasting blood glucose while increasing insulin sensitivity. Oral administration of kaempferol (5 mg/Kg) reduced blood glucose levels as compared to INTRODUCTION metformin (50 mg/Kg), while it does not have the harmful effects of metformin and other medications. Meanwhile, another therapeutic difference between Kaempferol is that, compared to other supplements and medications, it has positive effects on other systems of the body rather than destructive and negative effects, including on the liver and kidney systems. However, effects on weight vary across studies, possibly due to differences in dosage and study duration. Kaempferol also plays a multi-target role in diabetic nephropathy therapy, primarily via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Further clinical trials are needed to clarify conflicting results and fully establish its therapeutic potential in diabetes management.
Comparison of retinopathy and blood biochemistry indicators in type 2 diabetic patients using metformin and canagliflozin: An observational cohort study
2024 International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries
Objective The present study was conducted to explore and compare retinopathy and some effective indicators of blood biochemistry in diabetic patients treated with metformin and canagliflozin. Methods The present observational cohort study was conducted in 2021–2022. The research populations were divided into two groups receiving canagliflozin or metformin. Biochemical indices and degree of retinopathy were measured at the beginning of administration, then 9 and 18 months later. Analysis was done in SPSS via the independent-samples T-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results As the present findings showed, the HbA1c index in both groups decreased over time. For HCT in both groups, no significant difference was found. The highest percentage of changes was that of BUN. The Cr level gradually increased in both groups. No significant change was observed in SGOT in the metformin group though it fluctuated in the canagliflozin group. Meanwhile, in SGPT condition, it was the opposite. Also, there is no change in the degree of retinopathy in both groups. Conclusion Although metformin and canagliflozin both reduce the HbA1c level, they can cause complications especially if these drugs are not used at the right time and the right dose
Investigation of Awareness in Patients with Pain: A Descriptive Study by Fremantle Shoulder Awareness Questionnaire
2025 International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Research
Background: Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint. This descriptive study aimed to assess the self-awareness of patients with shoulder pain at Ghazy Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialties. Methods: A purposive, non-probability sample of 40 patients (male and female) with shoulder pain was recruited between May 5, 2024, and October 1, 2024. Data were collected via interviews using a structured questionnaire, which included demographic information (sex and age) and the 9-item Fremantle Shoulder Awareness Questionnaire (FreSHAQ-J). The FreSHAQ-J demonstrated good internal consistency, with a personal reliability index of 0.65 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.71. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and mean scores, were used for data analysis with SPSS version 16. Results: The study sample consisted primarily of males, with 33 patients (82.5%) being male. Patient ages ranged from 26 to 30 years. The findings revealed that patients with shoulder pain demonstrated a moderate level of body awareness, with a mean FreSHAQ-J score of 1.71 on a scale of 1.34 to 2.66. Conclusion: The results indicate that patients with shoulder pain have moderate body awareness. These findings highlight a need to improve patient self-awareness.