مسار بولونيا
AR
Research Taif Mohammed Maryoosh Mohammed
Clinical Evaluation of Nano-antibiotics in Reducing Drug Resistance: A Prospective Clinical Trial in Wasit Province, Iraq
2026
The Ameliorating Effect of Swertiamarine against the Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Inflammation in Mice
2025 Pharmakeftiki
Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin and hair. This study evaluates the impact of Swertiamarine on inflammation induced by Imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. Swertiamarine ointment was topically administered before Imiquimod application, and mice were divided into five groups for various treatments. The control group received a daily cream application (62.5mg/2cm) on the shaved back along with an oral vehicle dose for 14 days. The Imiquimod group applied a topical vehicle dose one hour before Imiquimod 5% (62.5 mg/2 cm) on the shaved back for 14 consecutive days. The Swertiamarine-treated group applied Swertiamarine topically one hour before Imiquimod 5% (62.5 mg/2 cm) for the same duration. The clobetasol-treated group received clobetasol ointment (62.5mg/2cm) one hour before Imiquimod 5% (62.5 mg/2 cm) for 14 days. The Swertiamarine-only group received topical Swertiamarine doses for 14 days. Results showed a significant reduction in TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17 levels, and improvements in severity index, psoriasis area, skin thickness, spleen index, and decreased gene expression of TNF-α, Nf-KB, IL-1B, IL-17 in the Swertiamarine group compared to the vehicle group with Imiquimod. In summary, Swertiamarine demonstrated a potent ameliorating effect, surpassing clobetasol in the context of Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice.
Effects of Two Different Doses of Zinc Sulfate on Serum Troponin I 3 Enzyme Level and Cardiac Malondialdehyde Contents in Mitoxantrone-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
2020 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Abstract Mitoxantrone is an antitumor agent used in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer, acute leukemia, lymphoma, and also in the treatment of multiple sclerosis due to its immunosuppressive properties. The mitoxantrone's cardiotoxicity is irreversible, dose-dependent, and it may occur years after treatment. Zinc is considered as an essential mineral for cell division and the synthesis of DNA and protein; furthermore, such mineral has an important role in states of cardiovascular diseases; and may have protective effects in coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. Objective: The current study is designed to investigate effects of two different doses of zinc sulfate on mitoxantrone-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods: Forty-eight (48) adult rats of both sexes were utilized in this study; the animals were randomly divided into six groups of 8 animals each. Group I: distilled water (negative control). Group II: orally-administered zinc sulfate (15mg/kg/day) Group III: orally-administered zinc sulfate (30mg/kg/day) Group IV: Intraperitoneally injected with a mitoxantrone at a dose (2.5 mg/kg) to reach total cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg on day 20. Group V: Orally-administered zinc sulfate at a dose (15mg/kg/day) and an intraperitoneal injection of mitoxantrone at a dose (2.5 mg/kg) was administered to reach total cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg on day 20. Group VI: Orally-administered zinc sulfate at a dose (30 mg/kg/day), and an intraperitoneal injection of mitoxantrone at a dose (2.5 mg/kg) to reach total cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg on day 20. Forty-eight (48) hr after the end of treatment duration (i.e. at day 22 nd), each animal was euthanized by diethyl ether and ketamine. Then, after cervical dislocation, blood was obtained by intracardiac puncture and then serum was prepared to estimate cardiac troponin I 3 enzyme activity levels; and the heart of each animal was excised for homogenate preparation to estimate of malondialdehyde contents. Results: Oral administration of zinc sulfate [(15mg/kg/day with total cumulative dose (7.5 mg/kg) of mitoxantrone] (Group V) resulted in a non-significant (P>0.05) difference in serum activity level of troponin I 3 enzyme and malondialdehyde contents in cardiac tissue homogenate compared to the corresponding serum enzyme activity level and contents in group of rats intraperitoneally injected with total cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg of mitoxantrone (Group IV). In contrast, there were significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum activity level of troponin I 3 enzyme and malondialdehyde contents in cardiac tissue homogenate of rats orally-administered zinc sulfate [(30 mg/kg/day) with total cumulative dose (7.5mg/kg) of mitoxantrone] (Group VI) compared to the corresponding enzyme activity levels and contents in group of rats intraperitoneally-injected with total cumulative dose of 7.5mg/kg of mitoxantrone (Group IV). Conclusion: zinc sulfate at a dose (30 mg/kg/day) diminishes the cardiotoxicity induced by mitoxantrone via a free radical scavenger property but it is non signifant compared to (15 mg/kg/day) .
Alone in the Mind: Review of Research Examining the Link Between Loneliness and Dementia
2025 Medicine Advances
ABSTRACT This narrative review focused on research investigating the impact of loneliness on the prevalence of dementia and its relationship with other risk factors. A comprehensive and rigorous search was conducted using a variety of scientific databases with specific keywords to identify all prior studies that examined the correlation between dementia and loneliness. The inquiry was confined to articles published in English from January 2017 to March 2024. The narrative review identified a consensus regarding the role of loneliness in enhancing the risk of all-cause dementia, with a particular emphasis on the subjective perception of loneliness. This phenomenon may be caused by the sensations of exclusion, discrimination, and alienation that are typically associated with low self-esteem and low life satisfaction, which may contribute to cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. This finding was obtained despite the absence of robust evidence regarding the involvement of loneliness in the pathogenesis of dementia. Existing research has not yet identified a correlation between hereditary factors that influence the development of dementia and feelings of loneliness. However, loneliness is strongly associated with depression, which is a potential risk factor for dementia. Previous studies have reported a moderate correlation between depression and loneliness, as individuals who are isolated and lack a sense of community exhibit higher levels of depression. Meditation, social cognitive training, and social support are three strategies that have been implemented to address loneliness and are reported to be the most effective interventions. A strong correlation exists between dementia and loneliness. Although such strategies are unlikely to impede the progression of the disease if cognitive deterioration is already underway, understanding these associations can assist in the development of strategies to alleviate the effects of loneliness on vulnerable individuals.
Natural alkaloids as potential EGFR allosteric inhibitors: DFT, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics approach
2026 Chemical Papers
Natural alkaloids were computationally investigated as putative allosteric modulators of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to explore alternative strategies for overcoming resistance associated with T790M and C797S mutations. Density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and QTAIM/NCI analyses were combined to evaluate electronic properties, binding affinities, short-time dynamic behavior, and non-covalent interactions. Docking revealed a clear affinity hierarchy, with tabernamine (TBR) showing the strongest interaction (− 9.79 kcal mol−1; Ki = 66 nM), followed by conofoline (CFN) (− 7.57 kcal mol−1; 2.8 µM) and ibogamine (IBN) (− 7.04 kcal mol−1; 6.9 µM). Frontier molecular orbital gaps (7.6–10.1 eV) and density-of-states analyses indicated balanced electronic stability and reactivity, with CFN and LIH displaying enhanced charge-transfer propensity. MD simulations at 310 K demonstrated stable equilibration, where CFN occupied the deepest potential energy well, TBR showed higher mobility, and IBN remained more confined within the allosteric pocket. QTAIM/NCI analyses confirmed stabilizing hydrogen-bonding and dispersion interactions. Predicted ADMET properties suggested high intestinal absorption for all prioritized alkaloids, with CFN exhibiting a comparatively more favorable predicted toxicity profile. Overall, these findings identify natural alkaloids as promising computational hits for EGFR allosteric modulation and provide a basis for further experimental validation within a fourth-generation–inspired, mutant-selective context.
Hepatoprotective Role of Zinc Gluconate against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Mitoxantrone In Rats
2026 Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Development
Mitoxantrone is a chemotherapeutic very effective against a variety of human malignancies Administration of Mitoxantrone is associated with hepatotoxicity Zinc has protective effect in liver illness. This study aimed to determine the role of zinc gluconate as a hepatoprotective agent in Mitoxantrone induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods there were twenty-four male and female rats used. Rats were divided up Into three groups, each consisting of eight animals. Distilled water is in Group I (negative control).Group II Mitoxantrone was delivered intraperitoneally with a dosage of 2.50 mg/ kg in order to achieve a cumulative complete dosage of 7.50 mg /kg by day 20. Group III Zinc gluconate was orally provided at a dosage of 20 mg/ kg/day, and Mitoxantrone was injected intraperitoneally at a rate of 2.50 mg/kg. The goal was to attain a cumulative total dosage of 7.50mg/ kg by day 20.After 48 hours following the completion of the treatment period, diethyl ether was used to euthanize each animal (i.e., on day 22). Serum was used to determine the activity of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes.Each animal's liver was removed in order to perform a terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated-deoxyuridine-triphosphate, necked labeling (TUNEL) test to detect DNA fragmentation. Results Zinc gluconate significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood ALT and AST, and group III showed a higher percentage of normal hepatocyte cells and a lower percentage of apoptotic cells than group II. Conclusions Zinc gluconate may have a protective effect against the hepatotoxicity induced by Mitoxantrone in rats.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES (KAP) REGARDING RATIONAL ANTIBIOTIC USE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN AL-IRAQIA MEDICAL STUDENTS
2026 Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science
Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2025– 2026 at the college of medicine, Al-Iraqia university. A total of 208 undergraduate medical students were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed via electronic google forms. The questionnaire, adapted from validated previous studies and reviewed by pharmacology experts, consisted of four sections covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained electronically, applying descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. ethical approval was obtained, and confidentiality of participants was strictly maintained. Results The overall findings showed high knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance, with 90.4% correctly identifying that antibioticstreat bacterial infections and 91.3% understanding antibiotic resistance. Despite this, 73.6% reported self- medication and 71.1% saved leftover antibiotics for future use. Conclusions Although medical students showed good baseline knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance, notable gaps in attitudes and practices persist. These findings highlight the need for enhanced educational strategies focusing on antimicrobial stewardship, practical training, and stricter policies to promote rational antibiotic use and reduce the risk of AMR.
Frequency and Awareness of Lifestyle Medication Use among University Students in Kut City, Iraq
2025 Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Development
Background: Lifestyle medicines (LSMs) are used to help people alter their lifestyles. These medicines are used for purposes other than medicine or health. Aims & Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of LSM use among the students of the university, the rationale for their utilization, and the kinds of consequences, in order to give useful data for reasoning and prevention of this problem. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive research study was carried out. university students in Wasit, Iraq, by using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants were usefully recruited through online platforms. The questionnaire consist of four sections, including sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and awareness in a validated questionnaire format. Results: A total of 500 students aged between 18-25 and more were surveyed. The number who utilize LSMs was 470(94%). The most common agents utilized by a high number of students were vitamins 136(28.94%) followed by Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 41(8.72%), then caffeine-containing substances 38(8.09% ). The most frequent adverse effects related to use of LSMs were lethargy and fatigue and 68 (14.47%), and insomnia 41(8.72%). Conclusion: Awareness of Lifestyle Medications (LSMs) was moderate, with medical advice being the primary source of information. The study found a high prevalence of LSM use, with vitamins being the most commonly used. Adverse effects varied among users, with fatigue and the lethargy being the most reported. Despite diverse perceptions toward LSMs, a significant differences in awareness were noted based on gender and study field, highlighting the need for targeted education and intervention strategies.
Functions and regulations of the Store Operated CRAC channels
2024 International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive
Abstract Store-operated Ca2+ channels, or SOCs, contain the main Ca2+ activated-receptor signaling pathways in non-excitable cells and play key roles in several biological and signaling pathways such gene, Ca2+ secretion and homeostasis and the differentiation of cells. Ca2+ signaling is associated with CRAC channels and it is essential and critical for activation of T and B cells. Cell receptors stimulated by antigens thus lead to the accumulation of huge and distinct CRAC signaling complexes. Several studies have revealed in mast and T cells Ca2+ influxes across plasma membrane and SOC activation after depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pool. Targeting CRAC channels pharmacologically have the possible therapy to be used therapeutically for angiogenesis modulation in many tumors, metabolic disorders such as fatty liver diseases, obesity or for autoinflammatory diseases and allergic conditions.
Assessment of the anti-psoriasis effect of Scrophularia deserti methanolic extract in mice model
2024 ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science
Abstract Psoriasis is an underestimated chronic and autoimmune skin disorder. Topical chemical agents are applied for psoriasis control and treatment, notwithstanding their subordinate efficiency or unsuccessful activities. As an alternative, herbal medicine can also be used in its treatment. The aim of the present study was performed to assess the anti-psoriasis effect of Scrophularia deserti in mice model. Materials and methods: S. deserti was purchased and used for methanolic extraction. Extract DPPH radical scavenging activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were examined. Sixty male mice were purchased, and psoriasis was induced using 10 days of topical administration of Imiquimod (62.5 mg). Mice were classified into 6 groups: non-psoriasis control (only received distilled water), psoriasis control (only received topical Imiquimod), two S. deserti treatments (topical 300 and 500 mg/kg), topical Betamethasone, and topical α-pinene 9 %. Cytokine distribution and histopathological properties were also determined. Results: the value at which the S. deserti methanolic extract scavenges 50 % of free radicals (IC50) was 602.71±15.33 µg/mL. The total S. deserti methanolic extract flavonoid and polyphenol contents were 16.85±1.12 mg QE/g and 58.47±3.25 mg GAE/g, respectively. IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-17A concentrations increased after psoriasis induction compared to the control group (P <0.05). Mice treated with Betamethasone harboured the lowest concentrations of IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-17A (P <0.05). Conclusions: Mice treated with S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) also harboured significantly lower IL-22, TNF-α, and IL-17A (P <0.05) compared to α-pinene and S. deserti methanolic extract (300 mg/kg). Mice of the psoriasis control group showed significant epidermis hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and crust with plentiful inflammatory cells. At the same time, mice treated with S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) showed significant recovered tissue with normal skin epidermis and dermis, sebaceous glands, and follicles of the hair, besides the lowest rate of inflammatory reactions. Findings showed that the S. deserti methanolic extract (500 mg/kg) can efficiently be used as a practical substitute for psoriasis treatment. However, some supplementary research should be performed
Clinical Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Type-2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients Associated with Dyslipidemia
2013 Journal of Physiology and pharmacology advances
Abstract The consumption of probiotics is a new therapeutic strategy in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes. Probiotics: are living, non-pathogenic micro-organisms (usually bacteria) which, when administered in sufficient numbers, exert a positive influence on host health. The present study tested the hypothesis that probiotics may improve glycemic and lipid profile in type2 diabetics with dyslipidemia of Iraqi patients. Methods: 14 of poorly controlled types 2 diabetic patients (5 male and 9 female) with dyslipidemia (age between 35 to 65 years) , with duration of diabetes and lipid profile disorder for more than 5 years ago (they were on glibenclamide a, metformine and statin therapy) enrolled in this study ,they were treated with 50 mg lactobacilli (L.acidophilus and L.plantarum) capsule, twice daily for 60 days. From fasting patients (for 12 hrs), blood samples were taken for analysis of glucose, insulin, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, % HbA1c, at zero time and each 30 days of the follow up period which continued for 2 months and the changes in the measured parameters, were compared with pretreatment readings, the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: Probiotic consumption caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) of total serum cholesterol, TG, LDL-C and serum insulin levels, after 2month of treatment, while HDL-C levels was slightly elevated, and the Fasting serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin were reduced but not statistically significant. Results of this study showed that probiotic supplementation improved total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, and serum insulin concentrations, in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients with dyslipidemia and this may contribute to the improvement of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Evaluation of The Genoprotective Effect of Curcumin Against Methotrexate in Bone Marrow and Spleen Cells in Mice
2023 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Curcumin is a yellow pigment produced from the rhizomes of the Curcuma longa plant and a primary chemo preventive component of turmeric is used as a spice and food coloring ingredient. Curcumin has a large number of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-infectious, and anti-inflammatory properties.Investigation of the geno-protective effect of curcumin on methotrexate induces chromosomal aberrations of spleen and bone marrow cells. In this study, 32 mice were used and divided into four groups (eight mice at each group) as follows: Group1 (negative control): Dimethyl sulfoxide was given intraperitoneally to mice every day for ten days.Group2 (positive control): Mice were received a single dose (20mg/kg) of methotrexate intraperitoneally Group3: Mice were received (200mg/kg) of curcumin solution intraperitoneally for ten successive days.Group4: Mice were received (200mg/kg) of curcumin solution intraperitoneally for ten successive days and on the day 11, a single dose of methotrexate ( 20 mg/kg ) was injected intraperitoneally . In animals treated with methotrexate, significant elevations of the chromosomal aberrations were observed along with a decline in the mitotic index. Meanwhile, there was a considerable elevation of the mitotic index and no detectable chromosomal changes in the curcumin-supplemented mice. The number of abnormal cells was reduced significantly in the curcumin-treated group in comparison with the methotrexate-treated group. The ability of curcumin to inhibit methotrexate's cytotoxic effects was shown by the compound's ability to raise the mitotic index. According to this finding, curcumin approved to be a protective agent against genotoxic effects of methotrexate.
Nephroprotective effect of cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos) in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice
2024 Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy
Abstract Objectives Diabetic nephropathy is a chief reason of mortality particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction. The current research was aimed to assess the nephroprotective portion of Vaccinium oxycoccos toward mice diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ). V. oxycoccos was purchased and used for hydroalcoholic extraction. Methods Sixty male mice were subjected to STZ-intraperitoneal injection (45 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, mice were divided into five groups of diabetic control (received only STZ), non-diabetic control (received only citrate buffer), two V. oxycoccos treatment (received V. oxycoccos extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) oral daily by gavage), and metformin treatment (received metformin (500 mg/kg) oral daily by gavage). Glucose and weight of mice were checked weekly. Results After 28 days, the effect of V. oxycoccos extract on serum and urine parameters were assessed. STZ caused significant decreased in the mice body weight. Mice treated with the V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) harbored the lowest weight loss at day 28 (70.2±1.38 g). STZ caused significant increase in the mice FBS. Mice treated with the V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) harbored the lowest FBS at day 28 (189.2±1.20 mg/dL). Treatment of mice with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) caused the lowest increase in the levels of cholesterol, HbA1c and triglycerides compared to the diabetic control mice. Compared to the diabetic control group, mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) had the highest HDL, insulin, SOD, and GSH (p<0.05). The lowest serum BUN, CR, and UR were found in mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg). Anti-inflammatory effects of V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) was shown by the lowest TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β1 concentration in mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg). Conclusions The current study disclosed that treatment with V. oxycoccos resulted in substantial development in the serum and urine parameters and also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response of STZ-induced diabetic mice.