مسار بولونيا
AR
Research Dina hadi abdullah alaqebe
The Detection of the Bacterial that Cause Urinary Tract Infection in Women and Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on the Biofilm Production
2025 Journal of Neonatal Surgery
Abstract Of course, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infection in women. Microorganisms (M.O.) can produce potential virulence factors which are hemolysins or haemolysins. Probiotics are live harmless normal flora microorganisms, mostly represented by the strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and so on. However, when given in the right dosages, these microorganisms aid the health of the host. In this study, an attempt was made to isolate species of gram-negative bacteria from urinary tract infection, and test the in-vitro antibiotic and selected probiotic species against some pathogenic bacteria and search for hemolysin genes. A total of 200 urine specimens were obtained from patients with UTIs, consisting of 100 pregnant (50%) and 100 non-pregnant (50%), patients. Gram staining and microscopically analyses of bacterial colonies were done. Pathogen species were identified by biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic testing. The well diffusion method and agar spot method were used to assess the effectiveness of probiotics against a group of isolated bacteria. Virulence genes of bacterial isolates were detected by PCR. The results revealed that 120 out of 200 urine specimens (60%) had significant bacteriuria. UPEC was present in 32/120 (26.7%) of the cultured samples, P. aeruginosa in 7/120 (5.8%), and P. mirabilis in 4/120 (3.3%). PCR diagnosis of 16S rRNA in isolates was 100% positive. E. coli isolates were 100% positive for both Hly-A and Hly-B genes. P. aeruginosa Hly-1 (plcH) and Hly-2 (exlA) were 85.7% and 71.4% positive, respectively. P. mirabilis Hly-A (hmpA) and Hly-B (hmpB) were 50% and 75% positive, respectively. The UPEC and P. mirabilis isolates showed higher resistance levels to lincomycin, rifampin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, colistin, and nalidixic acid (100%). In susceptibility testing using the well diffusion method, L. acidophilus was effective against 77% (P = 0.008) and L. plantarum against 90% (P = 0.003). In the agar spot method, L. acidophilus was effective against 82% (P = 0.005) and L. plantarum against 95% (P = 0.004). Most isolates were resistant to colistin, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin. The investigation into this mode of AR, found that Hly-A and Hly-B genes in bacterial cells enable them to be resistant to antibiotics. It has been found that Lactobacillus spp. do have antibacterial efficacy against in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria, but junctional test indicates that whereas they can prevent the completely formation of strong biofilm in all isolates, they cannot inhibit the biofilm formation in all isolates for all period of observation.
1. Design and Computational Characterization of Arginine-Functionalized ZIF-8 as a pH-Responsive Oral Insulin Carrier
2026 Journal Title): Computational Biology and Chemistry
Abstract This study presents a computational framework to evaluate arginine-modified ZIF-8 (ZIF-8@Arg) as a potential oral insulin delivery system. In contrast to unmodified metal–organic frameworks, the inclusion of arginine residues introduces guanidinium groups that enhance insulin interaction through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding effects. A combination of multiscale modeling techniques, including density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, molecular dynamics simulations, and topological analyses Atoms in Molecules (AIM) and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI), was employed to characterize the molecular interface and environmental responsiveness. The results indicate improved binding stability at the ZIF-8@Arg–insulin interface, as well as pH-dependent structural adaptability, with swelling was observed under basic conditions. The activation energy for insulin release was calculated to be 15.39 kcal/mol. Solvation energy and partition coefficient (logP) analyses suggest favorable permeability characteristics. In silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profiling indicates low predicted toxicity and compatibility with oral administration. Overall, the findings support further investigation of ZIF-8@Arg as a functional MOF-based carrier with tunable release behavior and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties for oral peptide delivery.
Pediatric Antimicrobial Resistance in Iraq: Epidemiology and Silver Nanoparticle Synergy
2026 Journal of Nanostructures
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide problem impacting on pediatric health, especially in low-resource areas. The present study is a cross-sectional surveillance to describe bacterial pathogens and their resistance patterns in 200 children (0–12 years) attending to three hospitals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq during January 2022 - December 2024. The most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli (29%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%). The proportion of ampicillin resistant organisms (APCs) was 74%, whereas those with carbapenems were still 92% susceptible. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms comprised 30.5% of isolates, escalating significantly from 26.3% (2022) to 44.4% (2024) (p=0.033). ESBL production was seen 19% of the time, and the most prevalent was seen in neonates (66.7%). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by green reduction method and characterized by the UV-Vis, XRD and SEM. The results showed a significant 8-fold decrease in the MIC of ampicillin for MRSA and 4–16-fold decrease in MIC of vancomycin for VRE when tested by synergy testing using AgNPs. MDR management in resource-limited pediatric settings is promising to be aided with nanotechnology as an adjunctive therapy.
Assessment of Thalassemia Patients’ Serum Ferritin, Superoxide Dismutase, and Glutathione Levels
2026 Letters in Biomathematics
Abstract Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder associated with chronic anemia, frequent blood transfusions, iron overload, and increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess serum ferritin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with thalassemia and compare them with healthy individuals. Serum ferritin was evaluated as a marker of iron overload, while SOD and GSH were measured to assess antioxidant defense and oxidative stress. The findings are expected to demonstrate elevated serum ferritin levels and altered antioxidant status in thalassemia patients, indicating an imbalance between oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity. The study highlights the importance of monitoring these biochemical markers to improve disease management, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and reduce complications associated with iron overload and oxidative damage in patients with thalassemi
Assessment of Some Factors Related to Obesity and Overweight Among a Sample of College Students
2025 The 6th International Scientific Conference of Alkafeel University (ISCKU 2025)،
Abstract Obesity and overweight have become major public health concerns among college students due to their association with unhealthy lifestyles and increased risk of chronic diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a sample of college students and identify the factors associated with these conditions. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep patterns, and family history. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to classify participants according to their weight status. The findings are expected to demonstrate that unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, prolonged sedentary behavior, and a positive family history are significantly associated with overweight and obesity. The study highlights the importance of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors and implementing educational and preventive programs to reduce the prevalence of obesity and improve students’ health outcomes.