مسار بولونيا
EN

أحمد محمد عبدالظاهر ربيع

السنة عنوان البحث نشر البحث
2025 Advanced sensor based on nickel ferrite-calix [6] arene nanocomposite ion-selective electrode (NiFe₂O₄@CX6/SC-ISE) for potentiometric quantification of alogliptin benzoate via computational molecular docking Microchemical Journal
Electrochemical sensors are increasingly recognized for their selectivity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness in pharmaceutical analysis. This study presents the development of a novel ion-selective electrode (ISE) for the precise quantification of alogliptin benzoate (AG) in pharmaceutical formulations. The sensor incorporates calix (Kumar et al., 2017a [6]) arene (CX6) functionalized with a nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) nanocomposite, significantly enhancing its analytical performance. The nanomaterial was comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), confirming its structural and compositional integrity. The optimized ISE exhibited a broad linear detection range from 1.0 ×10 7 to 1.0 ×10 3 mol L 1, with a low detection limit of 6.5 ×10 8 mol L 1. In alignment with green chemistry principles, the method’s environmental sustainability was validated using the Analytical Eco-Scale, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), and the Complex Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexMoGAPI), all indicating low ecological impact. Notably, this work is the first to explore the application of calixarenes in molecular docking studies for sensor optimization. Docking simulations of AG with calix (Golightly et al., 2012 [4]), calix (Kumar et al., 2017a [6]), and calix (Zhang et al., 2021 [8]) arenes revealed key binding interactions, offering a rational basis for improving method efficiency and reducing quality control costs through process optimization. These findings position the proposed sensor as a high-performance and environmentally responsible tool for pharmaceutical analysis.