مسار بولونيا
AR
Research Anwer Hilal Mathboob
Enhancing Radiotherapy for Hypoxic Tumors: Integrative Strategies Using Bacteria and Nanoparticles
2025 IET Nanobiotechnology (Wiley Online Library)
Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with radiotherapy (RT) being a cornerstone of treatment. However, the efficacy of RT is significantly hindered by hypoxic tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and nonselective toxicity to healthy tissues. Recent advancements in combining bacteria and nanoparticles have shown promise in addressing these limitations. Cyanobacteria, with their oxygen-producing capabilities, alleviate tumor hypoxia, while anaerobic bacteria selectively target hypoxic regions. Nanoparticles complement these approaches by enhancing bacterial localization and amplifying radiosensitization through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and other synergistic therapies. Unlike previous reviews that have mainly focused on either bacterial therapy or nanoparticle-assisted radiosensitization separately, this review provides a comparative and integrative perspective on their combined use, emphasizing the novelty of synergistic strategies. This review explores innovative bacterial-nanoparticle integrations, highlighting their roles in overcoming hypoxia and improving RT outcomes. The potential of these strategies to transform cancer treatment is discussed, alongside challenges and future directions. Keywords: bacterial therapy; hypoxia; nanoparticles; radiosensitization; radiotherapy.
The Prime Mutation of β-Thalassemia and Disease Severity in (Wasit and Maysan) South of Iraq
2023 Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine
Thalassemia is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the globin gene, resulting in anemia as a risk factor for patients’ lives. There are different types of mutations in the globin gene. Despite the types of mutations differing from area to area due to migration and traditions between worlds, there is a need to recognize these different mutations in order to control the disease, and to identify the spectrum of the most common mutations and the relationship between these mutations and the severity of the disease. Keywords: Iraq, Thalassemia, Globin, Mutation
Assessment of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Homocysteine and Pro-Collagen type III Peptide as Markers in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
2016 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
: Background: psoriasis is chronic and recurrent autoimmune inflammatory disease cause morbidity and mortality. TNFα is a Pro-inflammatory cytokine and has a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Homocysteine level in psoriasis and cause hyperhomocystienaemia that play role in atherosclerosis and .Procollagen type III peptide is fibro genesis marker methotrexate is widely used in treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and this lead to develop liver fibrosis, hence measurement of procollagen type III peptide may reduce liver biopsy. Objective : 1- measured the level of (TNF α), Homocystiene and procollagen type III in patient with moderate and sever psoriasis and compared the result with healthy control. 2- the level of (TNF α), Homocystiene and PIIIP in patients before methotrexate and after 4week treatment. Subjects, materials and methods : This observational case control study involved thirtypatients with moderate tosevere psoriasis and thirty healthy contral with matched gender and age with patient groups, used ELISA technique for measured of (TNF α and, PIIIP). The Homocystiene is measured by used HPLC technique through de-deproteinization the serum and then mixed with POA reagent for analysis. Results : Mean serum Homocystiene was significantly higher in patient group than in control group, 106.42 ±54.68 versus 50.07 ±24.16 (P<0.01), and it underwent no significant change after treatment with methotraxate to a level of 99.11 ±6.26 (P=0.435). Mean serum Procollagen was significantly higher in patient group than in control group, 31.85 ±13.84 versus 19.42 ±2.11 (P<0.001), and it underwent significant reduction after treatment with methotraxate to a level of 25.60 ±8.34 (P=0.002). Mean serum TNF was significantly higher in patient group than in control group, 16.13 ±2.09 versus 10.25 ±1.04 (P<0.001), but it showed insignificant change after treatment with methotraxate to become 16.18 ±4.38 (P=0.949). Significant positive correlation between Homocystein before and after MTX treatment and Pro-collagen III before and after treatment with MTX in patient group, were obtained. Conclusion Keywords: Pro-collagen, Homocystein, TNFα, Psoriasis 1. Introduction : Homocystein is raised in psoriasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia predispose to atherosclerosis; Pro-collagen III peptide is elevated in psoriasis and not affected by short term treatment with MTX, the TNFα is raise in psoriasis and stay higher after MTX treatment. Methotrexate in low dose is safe in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis; however monitoring of renal and liver function tests and hematologic parameters is necessary.